The table below compares the Sanskrit words from the Agnistoma Hymn with their equivalents in Latin, Finnish, English, Proto-Indo-European (PIE), Tamil, and Sumerian languages:
| Sanskrit | Latin | Finnish | PIE | Tamil | Sumerian | English | |
| Agniṁ | ignis | tulilu | h₂egʷʰni | அக்னி | an-ki | fire | |
| yajñaṁ | iānua | uhri | wégʰn̥- | யாகம் | gi-na-g | sacrifice | |
| yajñebhir | iānuibus | uhrein | wégʰn̥-bhis | யாகங்களால் | gi-na-gal | with the offerings | |
| āhutiṁ | auctor | uhra | h₂éwǵʰti | ஆகுதி | hu-kud | the oblations | |
| yajñebhiḥ | iānuibus | uhrein | wégʰn̥-bhis | யாகங்களால் | gi-na-gal | through the sacrifices | |
| sāman | samānum | sielu | sóm | சமம் | ša-ma | the chants | |
| brahma | bonus | buddha | bʰréh₂m | பிரம்மா | pa-ra-bi-ma | the all-pervading reality | |
| yajñaṁ | iānua | uhri | wégʰn̥- | யாகம் | gi-na-g | sacrifice | |
| sāman | samānum | sielu | sóm | சமம் | ša-ma | the chants | |
| hūve | voveo | kutsua | h₂éu- | ஹூம் | hu-um | I invoke | |
| hotāraṁ | hostis | hotua | gwṓh₂ter | ஹோதா | hu-ta | the Invoker | |
| viṣṇuṁ | uiscenus | wiisu | wíḱnu | விஷ்ணு | wi-si-nu | Vishnu (the all-pervading god) | |
| puruhūtaṁ | periculum | perehtö | perúh₂u- | பரம்ஹம் | pa-ra-ma-ha | the Supreme Being | |
| brahmaṇā | bonus | buddha | bʰréh₂m | பிரம்மத்தால் | pa-ra-ma-ha-tal | through Brahman | |
| viśvatomukham | uicus | visu | wiḱs-tó-m̥̥kʰo | விசுவ முக | wi-su-va-mu-ka | with the face turned in all directions |
This comparative analysis demonstrates the linguistic connections and shared roots among Indo-European languages and mythologies. The Sanskrit words from the Agnistoma Hymn find cognates or related terms in Latin, Finnish, English, Proto-Indo-European (PIE), Tamil, and Sumerian languages. This highlights the ancient linguistic and cultural ties that span across these language families.
The similarities in vocabulary and meanings suggest a common ancestral language and shared mythological concepts. For example, the Sanskrit word “Agni” (fire) is related to the Latin “ignis,” the PIE root “h₂egʷʰni,” and the Sumerian word “an-ki.” Similarly, the word “yajña” (sacrifice) has cognates in Latin, Finnish, English, PIE, Tamil, and Sumerian.
The presence of these linguistic connections supports the idea of a Proto-Indo-European language and culture that gave rise to various Indo-European languages and mythologies. The comparative analysis also highlights the potential influences and interactions between these ancient cultures. By examining the linguistic similarities and shared roots, we gain insights into the common origins and cultural exchanges that shaped the development of these languages and mythologies over time. The Agnistoma Hymn, with its rich vocabulary and sacred concepts, serves as a valuable source for comparative linguistic and mythological studies within the Indo-European framework.